NAME
X11::GUITest - Provides GUI testing/interaction facilities.
Developed by Dennis K. Paulsen
VERSION
0.21
Updates are made available at the following sites:
http://sourceforge.net/projects/x11guitest (Primary)
http://www.freshmeat.net (Linked)
http://www.cpan.org (Secondary)
Please consult 'docs/Changes' for the list of changes between module revisions.
DESCRIPTION
This Perl package is intended to facilitate the testing of GUI applications by means of user emulation. It can be used to test/interact with GUI applications; which have been built upon the X library or toolkits (i.e., GTK+, Xt, Qt, Motif, etc.) that "wrap" the X library's functionality.
DEPENDENCIES
An X server with the XTest extensions enabled. This seems to be the norm. If it is not enabled, it usually can be by modifying the X server configuration (i.e., XF86Config).
The standard DISPLAY environment variable is utilized to determine the host, display, and screen to work with. By default it is usually set to ":0.0" for the localhost. However, by altering this variable one can interact with applications under a remote host's X server. To change this from a terminal window, one can utilize the following basic syntax: export DISPLAY=<hostname-or-ipaddress>:<display>.<screen> Please note that under most circumstances, xhost will need to be executed properly on the remote host as well.
There is a known incompatibility between the XTest and Xinerama extensions, which causes the XTestFakeMotionEvent() function to misbehave. When the Xinerama (X server) extension is turned on, this (Perl) extension has been modified to allow one to invoke an alternative function. See Makefile.PL for details.
INSTALLATION
perl Makefile.PL
make
make test
make install
SYNOPSIS
For additional examples, please look under the 'eg/' sub-directory from the installation folder.
use X11::GUITest qw/
StartApp
WaitWindowViewable
SendKeys
/;
# Start gedit application
StartApp('gedit');
# Wait for application window to come up and become viewable.
my ($GEditWinId) = WaitWindowViewable('gedit');
if (!$GEditWinId) {
die("Couldn't find gedit window in time!");
}
# Send text to it
SendKeys("Hello, how are you?\n");
# Close Application (Alt-f, q).
SendKeys('%(f)q');
# Handle gedit's Question window if it comes up when closing. Wait
# at most 5 seconds for it.
if (WaitWindowViewable('Question', undef, 5)) {
# DoN't Save (Alt-n)
SendKeys('%(n)');
}
FUNCTIONS
Parameters enclosed within [] are optional.
If there are multiple optional parameters available for a function and you would like to specify the last one, for example, you can utilize undef for those parameters you don't specify.
REGEX in the documentation below denotes an item that is treated as a regular expression. For example, the regex "^OK$" would look for an exact match for the word OK.
FindWindowLike TITLEREGEX [, WINDOWIDSTARTUNDER]
Finds the window Ids of the windows matching the specified title
regex. Optionally one can specify the window to start under;
which would allow one to constrain the search to child windows
of that window.
An array of window Ids is returned for the matches found. An
empty array is returned if no matches were found.
my @WindowIds = FindWindowLike('gedit');
# Only worry about first window found
my ($WindowId) = FindWindowLike('gedit');
WaitWindowLike TITLEREGEX [, WINDOWIDSTARTUNDER] [, MAXWAITINSECONDS]
Waits for a window to come up that matches the specified title
regex. Optionally one can specify the window to start under;
which would allow one to constrain the search to child windows
of that window.
One can optionally specify an alternative wait amount in
seconds. A window will keep being looked for that matches the
specified title regex until this amount of time has been
reached. The default amount is defined in the DEF_WAIT constant
available through the :CONST export tag.
If a window is going to be manipulated by input,
WaitWindowViewable is the more robust solution to utilize.
An array of window Ids is returned for the matches found. An
empty array is returned if no matches were found.
my @WindowIds = WaitWindowLike('gedit');
# Only worry about first window found
my ($WindowId) = WaitWindowLike('gedit');
WaitWindowLike('gedit') or die("gedit window not found!");
WaitWindowViewable TITLEREGEX [, WINDOWIDSTARTUNDER] [, MAXWAITINSECONDS]
Similar to WaitWindow, but only recognizes windows that are
viewable. When GUI applications are started, their window isn't
necessarily viewable yet, let alone available for input, so this
function is very useful.
Likewise, this function will only return an array of the
matching window Ids for those windows that are viewable. An
empty array is returned if no matches were found.
WaitWindowClose WINDOWID [, MAXWAITINSECONDS]
Waits for the specified window to close.
One can optionally specify an alternative wait amount in
seconds. The window will keep being checked to see if it has
closed until this amount of time has been reached. The default
amount is defined in the DEF_WAIT constant available through the
:CONST export tag.
zero is returned if window is not gone, non-zero if it is gone.
ClickWindow WINDOWID [, X Offset] [, Y Offset] [, Button]
Clicks on the specified window with the mouse.
Optionally one can specify the X offset and Y offset. By
default, the top left corner of the window is clicked on, with
these two parameters one can specify a different position to be
clicked on.
One can also specify an alternative button. The default button
is M_LEFT, but M_MIDDLE and M_RIGHT may be specified too. Also,
you could use the logical Id for the button: M_BTN1, M_BTN2,
M_BTN3, M_BTN4, M_BTN5. These are all available through the
:CONST export tag.
zero is returned on failure, non-zero for success
GetWindowFromPoint X, Y [, SCREEN]
Returns the window that is at the specified point. If no screen
is given, it is taken from the value given when opening the X
display.
zero is returned if there are no matches (i.e., off screen).
IsChild PARENTWINDOWID, WINDOWID
Determines if the specified window is a child of the specified
parent.
zero is returned for false, non-zero for true.
QuoteStringForSendKeys STRING
Quotes {} characters in the specified string that would be
interpreted as having special meaning if sent to SendKeys
directly. This function would be useful if you had a text file
in which you wanted to use each line of the file as input to the
SendKeys function, but didn't want any special interpretation of
the characters in the file.
Returns the quoted string, undef is returned on error.
Quote ~, %, etc. as {~}, {%}, etc for literal use in SendKeys.
SendKeys( QuoteStringForSendKeys('Hello: ~%^(){}+') );
StartApp COMMANDLINE
Uses the shell to execute a program. This function returns as
soon as the program is called. Useful for starting GUI
applications and then going on to work with them.
zero is returned on failure, non-zero for success
StartApp('gedit');
RunApp COMMANDLINE
Uses the shell to execute a program until its completion.
Return value will be application specific, however -1 is
returned to indicate a failure in starting the program.
RunApp('/work/myapp');
ClickMouseButton BUTTON
Clicks the specified mouse button. Available mouse buttons are:
M_LEFT, M_MIDDLE, M_RIGHT. Also, you could use the logical Id
for the button: M_BTN1, M_BTN2, M_BTN3, M_BTN4, M_BTN5. These
are all available through the :CONST export tag.
zero is returned on failure, non-zero for success.
<Documentation Continued...>
DefaultScreen
Returns the screen number specified in the X display value used
to open the display.
ScreenCount
Returns the number of screens in the X display specified when
opening it.
SetEventSendDelay DELAYINMILLISECONDS
Sets the milliseconds of delay between events being sent to the
X display. It is usually not a good idea to set this to 0.
Please note that this delay will also affect SendKeys.
Returns the old delay amount in milliseconds.
GetEventSendDelay
Returns the current event sending delay amount in milliseconds.
SetKeySendDelay DELAYINMILLISECONDS
Sets the milliseconds of delay between keystrokes.
Returns the old delay amount in milliseconds.
GetKeySendDelay
Returns the current keystroke sending delay amount in
milliseconds.
GetWindowName WINDOWID
Returns the window name for the specified window Id. undef is
returned if name could not be obtained.
# Return the name of the window that has the input focus.
my $WinName = GetWindowName(GetInputFocus());
SetWindowName WINDOWID, NAME
Sets the window name for the specified window Id.
zero is returned on failure, non-zero for success.
GetRootWindow [SCREEN]
Returns the Id of the root window of the screen. This is the
top/root level window that all other windows are under. If no
screen is given, it is taken from the value given when opening
the X display.
GetChildWindows WINDOWID
Returns an array of the child windows for the specified window
Id. If it detects that the window hierarchy is in transition, it
will wait half a second and try again.
MoveMouseAbs X, Y [, SCREEN]
Moves the mouse cursor to the specified absolute position in the
optionally given screen. If no screen is given, it is taken from
the value given when opening the X display.
Zero is returned on failure, non-zero for success.
GetMousePos
Returns an array containing the position and the screen (number)
of the mouse cursor.
my ($x, $y, $scr_num) = GetMousePos();
PressMouseButton BUTTON
Presses the specified mouse button. Available mouse buttons are:
M_LEFT, M_MIDDLE, M_RIGHT. Also, you could use the logical Id
for the button: M_BTN1, M_BTN2, M_BTN3, M_BTN4, M_BTN5. These
are all available through the :CONST export tag.
zero is returned on failure, non-zero for success.
ReleaseMouseButton BUTTON
Releases the specified mouse button. Available mouse buttons
are: M_LEFT, M_MIDDLE, M_RIGHT. Also, you could use the logical
Id for the button: M_BTN1, M_BTN2, M_BTN3, M_BTN4, M_BTN5. These
are all available through the :CONST export tag.
zero is returned on failure, non-zero for success.
SendKeys KEYS
Sends keystrokes to the window that has the input focus.
The keystrokes to send are those specified in KEYS parameter.
Some characters have special meaning, they are:
Modifier Keys:
^ CTRL
% ALT
+ SHIFT
# META
Other Keys:
~ ENTER
\n ENTER
\t TAB
( and ) MODIFIER GROUPING
{ and } QUOTE / ESCAPE CHARACTERS
Simply, one can send a text string like so:
SendKeys('Hello, how are you today?');
Parenthesis allow a modifier to work on one or more characters.
For example:
SendKeys('%(f)q'); # Alt-f, then press q
SendKeys('%(fa)^(m)'); # Alt-f, Alt-a, Ctrl-m
SendKeys('+(abc)'); # Uppercase ABC using shift modifier
SendKeys('^(+(l))'); # Ctrl-Shift-l
SendKeys('+'); # Press shift
Braces are used to quote special characters, for utilizing
aliased key names, or for special functionality. Multiple
characters can be specified in a brace by space delimiting the
entries. Characters can be repeated using a number that is space
delimited after the preceeding key.
Quote Special Characters
SendKeys('{{}'); # {
SendKeys('{+}'); +
SendKeys('{}'); # #
You can also use QuoteStringForSendKeys to perform quoting.
Aliased Key Names
SendKeys('{BAC}'); # Backspace
SendKeys('{F1 F2 F3}'); # F1, F2, F3
SendKeys('{TAB 3}'); # Press TAB 3 times
SendKeys('{SPC 3 a b c}'); # Space 3 times, a, b, c
Special Functionality
# Pause execution for 500 milliseconds
SendKeys('{PAUSE 500}');
Combinations
SendKeys('abc+(abc){TAB PAUSE 500}'); # a, b, c, A, B, C, Tab, Pause 500
SendKeys('+({a b c})'); # A, B, C
The following abbreviated key names are currently recognized
within a brace set. If you don't see the desired key, you can
still use the unabbreviated name for the key. If you are unsure
of this name, utilize the xev (X event view) tool, press the key
you want and look at the tools output for the name of that key.
Names that are in the list below can be utilized regardless of
case. Ones that aren't in this list are going to be case
sensitive and also not abbreviated. For example, using 'xev' you
will find that the name of the backspace key is BackSpace, so
you could use {BackSpace} in place of {bac} if you really wanted
to.
Name Action
BAC BackSpace
BS BackSpace
BKS BackSpace
BRE Break
CAN Cancel
CAP Caps_Lock
DEL Delete
DOW Down
END End
ENT Return
ESC Escape
F1 F1
... ...
F12 F12
HEL Help
HOM Home
INS Insert
LAL Alt_L
LMA Meta_L
LCT Control_L
LEF Left
LSH Shift_L
LSK Super_L
MNU Menu
NUM Num_Lock
PGD Page_Down
PGU Page_Up
PRT Print
RAL Alt_R
RMA Meta_R
RCT Control_R
RIG Right
RSH Shift_R
RSK Super_R
SCR Scroll_Lock
SPA Space
SPC Space
TAB Tab
UP Up
zero is returned on failure, non-zero for success. For
configurations (Xvfb) that don't support Alt_Left, Meta_Left is
automatically used in its place.
PressKey KEY
Presses the specified key.
One can utilize the abbreviated key names from the table listed
above as outlined in the following example:
# Alt-n
PressKey('LAL'); # Left Alt
PressKey('n');
ReleaseKey('n');
ReleaseKey('LAL');
# Uppercase a
PressKey('LSH'); # Left Shift
PressKey('a');
ReleaseKey('a');
ReleaseKey('LSH');
The ReleaseKey calls in the above example are there to set both
key states back.
zero is returned on failure, non-zero for success.
ReleaseKey KEY
Releases the specified key. Normally follows a PressKey call.
One can utilize the abbreviated key names from the table listed
above.
ReleaseKey('n');
zero is returned on failure, non-zero for success.
PressReleaseKey KEY
Presses and releases the specified key.
One can utilize the abbreviated key names from the table listed
above.
PressReleaseKey('n');
This function is affected by the key send delay.
zero is returned on failure, non-zero for success.
IsKeyPressed KEY
Determines if the specified key is currently being pressed.
You can specify such things as 'bac' or the unabbreviated form
'BackSpace' as covered in the SendKeys information. Brace forms
such as '{bac}' are unsupported. A '{' is taken literally and
letters are case sensitive.
if (IsKeyPressed('esc')) { # Is Escape pressed?
if (IsKeyPressed('a')) { # Is a pressed?
if (IsKeyPressed('A')) { # Is A pressed?
Returns non-zero for true, zero for false.
IsMouseButtonPressed BUTTON
Determines if the specified mouse button is currently being
pressed.
Available mouse buttons are: M_LEFT, M_MIDDLE, M_RIGHT. Also,
you could use the logical Id for the button: M_BTN1, M_BTN2,
M_BTN3, M_BTN4, M_BTN5. These are all available through the
:CONST export tag.
if (IsMouseButtonPressed(M_LEFT)) { # Is left button pressed?
Returns non-zero for true, zero for false.
IsWindow WINDOWID
zero is returned if the specified window Id is not for something
that can be recognized as a window. non-zero is returned if it
looks like a window.
IsWindowViewable WINDOWID
zero is returned if the specified window Id is for a window that
isn't viewable. non-zero is returned if the window is viewable.
MoveWindow WINDOWID, X, Y
Moves the window to the specified location.
zero is returned on failure, non-zero for success.
ResizeWindow WINDOWID, WIDTH, HEIGHT
Resizes the window to the specified size.
zero is returned on failure, non-zero for success.
IconifyWindow WINDOWID
Minimizes (Iconifies) the specified window.
zero is returned on failure, non-zero for success.
UnIconifyWindow WINDOWID
Unminimizes (UnIconifies) the specified window.
zero is returned on failure, non-zero for success.
RaiseWindow WINDOWID
Raises the specified window to the top of the stack, so that no
other windows cover it.
zero is returned on failure, non-zero for success.
LowerWindow WINDOWID
Lowers the specified window to the bottom of the stack, so other
existing windows will cover it.
zero is returned on failure, non-zero for success.
GetInputFocus
Returns the window that currently has the input focus.
SetInputFocus WINDOWID
Sets the specified window to be the one that has the input
focus.
zero is returned on failure, non-zero for success.
GetWindowPos WINDOWID
Returns an array containing the position information for the
specified window. It also returns size information (including
border width) and the number of the screen where the window
resides.
my ($x, $y, $width, $height, $borderWidth, $screen) =
GetWindowPos(GetRootWindow());
GetParentWindow WINDOWID
Returns the parent of the specified window.
zero is returned if parent couldn't be determined (i.e., root
window).
GetScreenRes [SCREEN]
Returns the screen resolution. If no screen is specified, it is
taken from the value given when opening the X display. If the
screen (number) is invalid, the returned list will be empty.
my ($x, $y) = GetScreenRes();
GetScreenDepth [SCREEN]
Returns the color depth for the screen. If no screen is
specified, it is taken from the value given when opening the X
display. If the screen (number) is invalid, -1 will be returned.
Value is represented as bits, i.e. 16.
my $depth = GetScreenDepth();
OTHER DOCUMENTATION
Available under the docs sub-directory.
Changes (Module Changes)
CodingStyle (Coding-Style Guidelines)
ToDo (ToDo List)
Copying (Copy of the GPL License)
COPYRIGHT
Copyright(c) 2003-2006 Dennis K. Paulsen, All Rights Reserved. This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License.
AUTHOR
Dennis K. Paulsen <ctrondlp@cpan.org> (Des Moines, Iowa USA)
CREDITS
Thanks to everyone; including those specifically mentioned below for patches, suggestions, etc.:
Alexey Tourbin
Richard Clamp
Gustav Larsson
Nelson D. Caro